Wordlist

 

Unit 4

• address (issues / a problem) (v)/əˈdres/to try to deal with a problem, etc.:The government is finally addressing the issue of corruption.
• aid (poor people / developing countries) (v)/eɪd/to help sb / sth:The government paid for food and medicine to aid developing countries.
• believe in sth (v)/bɪˈliːv ɪn/to think that sb/sth is good or right:He doesn't believe in eating meat.
• belong to sth (v)/bɪˈlɒŋ tə/to be a member of a group or an organization:Do you belong to any political party?
• campaign (v)/kæmˈpeɪn/to take part in a planned series of activities in order to make sth happen or to prevent sth:Local people are campaigning for lower speed limits in the town.
• campaigner (n)/kæmˈpeɪnə(r)/a person who takes part in a planned series of activities in order to make sth happen or to prevent sth:He's an animal rights campaigner.
• care (about sb / sth) (v)/keə(r)/to be worried about or interested in sth:I only care about money.
• charity worker (n)/ˈtʃærəti ˌwɜːkə(r)/a person who is employed by a charity (= an organization that collects money to help people who are poor, sick, etc. or to do work that is useful to society):Shelters for stray dogs are run by charity workers.
• climate change (n)/ˈklaɪmət ˌtʃeɪndʒ/changes in the earth's weather, including changes in temperature, wind patterns and rainfall, especially the increase in the temperature of the earth's atmosphere that is caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide:Some people blame climate change on pollution.
• co-exist (v)/ˌkəʊɪɡˈzɪst/to live or be together at the same time or in the same place as sb/ sth:Can different ethnic groups coexist peacefully?
• compete (v)/kəmˈpiːt/to try to win or achieve sth, or to try to be better than sb else:The world's best athletes compete in the Olympic Games.
• competitor (n)/kəmˈpetɪtə(r)/a person or an organization that is competing against others:There are ten competitors in the first race.
• contaminate (v)/kənˈtæmɪneɪt/to add a substance which will make sth dirty or harmful:The town's drinking water was contaminated with poisonous chemicals.
• co-operate (v)/kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/to work with sb else to achieve sth:We are co-operating with a new firm on this project.
• deforestation (n)/ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/cutting down trees over a large area:Deforestation is a major cause of global warming.
• devastate (v)/ˈdevəsteɪt/to destroy sth or damage it badly:The town was devastated by an earthquake.
• die out (v)/daɪ ˈaʊt/to stop happening or disappear:Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.
• disease (n)/dɪˈziːz/an illness of the body in humans, animals or plants:Malaria is a disease.
• distribute (v)/dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/to give things to a number of people:They distributed emergency food supplies to the areas that were most in need.
• distributor (n)/dɪˈstrɪbjətə(r)/a person or company that transports and supplies goods to a number of shops and companies:The company is the main distributor of mobile phones in the area.
• donate (money / clothes) (v)/dəʊˈneɪt/to give money or goods to an organization, especially one for people or animals who need help:She donated a large sum of money to Cancer Research.
• donor (n)/ˈdəʊnə(r)/a person who gives money or goods to an organization that helps people or animals:The charity is supported by donors.
• drought (n)/draʊt/a long period without rain:The country had two years of severe drought.
• earthquakes (n)/ˈɜːθkweɪks/sudden, violent movements of the earth's surface:Thousands of people were left homeless by the earthquake.
• evacuate (v)/ɪˈvækjueɪt/to move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safer; to leave a place because it is dangerous:Hundreds of people were evacuated from the war zone.
• famine (n)/ˈfæmɪn/a lack of food over a long period of time in a large area that can cause the death of many people:There is a severe famine in many parts of Africa.
• floods (n pl)/flʌds/large amounts of water that have spread from a river, the sea, etc. and that cover an area which should be dry:He was forced to leave his home because of the floods.
• fundraiser (n)/ˈfʌndreɪzə(r)/a person whose job is to find ways of collecting money for a charity or an organization:Would you like to work as a fundraiser for a charity?
• insist (on sth) (v)/ɪnˈsɪst/to say strongly that you must have or do sth, or that sb else must do sth:Dan insisted on coming too.
• interact (v)/ˌɪntərˈækt/(used about people) to communicate or mix with sb, especially while you work, play or spend time together:He is studying the way children interact with each other.
• international (adj)/ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/involving two or more countries:He came second in an international piano competition.
• organize (v)/ˈɔːɡənaɪz/to plan or arrange an event, activity, etc.:The school organizes trips to various places of interest.
• organizer (n)/ˈɔːɡənaɪzə(r)/a person who plans or arranges an event, activity, etc.:The organizers of the concert said that it had been a great success.
• overcooked (adj)/ˌəʊvəˈkʊkt/(used about food) cooked too much or for too long:This steak is overcooked. It's very tough.
• overcrowded (adj)/ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/(used about a place) with too many people inside:The trains are overcrowded on Friday evenings.
• overflowing (adj)/ˌəʊvəˈfləʊɪŋ/so full that the contents go over the sides:The tap was left on and the bath was overflowing.
• participant (n)/pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/a person who takes part in sth:Hundreds of participants joined the demonstration.
• participate (v)/pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/to take part or become involved in sth:Students are encouraged to participate in the running of the college.
• pollution (n)/pəˈluːʃn/the act of making the air, water, etc. dirty and dangerous; substances that pollute:The rivers are full of pollution.
• poverty (n)/ˈpɒvəti/the state of being poor:Millions of people in this country live in poverty.
• preserve (v)/prɪˈzɜːv/to keep sth safe or in good condition:They've managed to preserve most of the wall paintings in the caves.
• promote (v)/prəˈməʊt/to advertise sth in order to increase its sales or make it popular:This cream is being promoted as a miracle cure for wrinkles.
• promoter (n)/prəˈməʊtə(r)/a person who organizes or provides the money for an event:The promoters believed that the party was a success.
• protest (against sth) (v)/prəˈtest/to say or show that you do not approve of or agree with sth, especially publicly:Students have been protesting against the government's decision.
• raise (money) (v)/reɪz/to get money from people for a particular purpose:We are doing a sponsored walk to raise money for charity.
• raise (awareness) (v)/reɪz/to increase the level of sth or to make sth better or stronger:The wristbands were sold to raise awareness of the ‘Make Poverty History' campaign.
• reappear (v)/ˌriːəˈpɪə(r)/to appear again or be seen again:If any signs of the illness reappear, see your doctor immediately.
• rebuild (v)/ˌriːˈbɪld/to build sth again:Following the storm, many houses will have to be rebuilt.
• relocate (v)/ˌriːləʊˈkeɪt/to move to a new place to live or to run a business:My parents are relocating to the South of France.
• rely on sb / sth (v)/rɪˈlaɪ/to need sb/sth and not be able to live or work properly without them or it:The old lady had to rely on other people to do her shopping for her.
• semi-circle (n)/ˈsemisɜːkl/one half of a circle; something that is arranged in this shape:Please sit in a semicircle.
• semi-detached (adj)/ˌsemi dɪˈtætʃt/(used about a house) joined to another house with a shared wall on one side forming a pair of houses:Do you live in a semi-detached house?
• set up (sth) (v)/ˌset ˈʌp/to start a business, an organization, a system, etc.:The company has set up a new branch in Wales.
• sponsor (v)/ˈspɒnsə(r)/to agree to pay money to a charity if sb else completes a particular activity:I'm running a marathon for charity – will you sponsor me?
• sponsor (n)/ˈspɒnsə(r)/a person who agrees to pay money to a charity if sb else completes a particular activity:I need sponsors for a bike ride to Brighton in aid of Cancer Research.
• spread (v)/spred/to affect a larger area or a bigger group of people; to make sth do this:Rats and flies spread disease.
• support (a charity / a campaign) (v)/səˈpɔːt/to help sb/sth by saying that you agree with them or it, and sometimes giving practical help such as money:My company is supporting the project.
• supporter (n)/səˈpɔːtə(r)/a person who supports a political party, sports team, etc.:All the applause came from the politician's own supporters.
• survive (v)/səˈvaɪv/to continue to live or exist in or after a difficult or dangerous situation:Only three people survived the crash.
• transform (lives / a situation) (v)/trænsˈfɔːm/to change sb/sth completely, especially in a way which improves sb/sth:Having a baby has transformed my life.
• underdeveloped (adj)/ˌʌndədɪˈveləpt/(used about a country, society, etc.) having few industries and a low standard of living:She's helping to build schools in underdeveloped countries.
• unemployment (n)/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/the number of people who are unemployed:The economy is doing badly and unemployment is rising.
• urbanization (n)/ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/the process in which areas of the countryside become part of towns and cities:Animals' homes are being destroyed by urbanization.
• volcanic eruptions (n pl)/vɒlˌkænɪk ɪˈrʌpʃnz/times when a mountain with a hole in the top throws out steam, lava (= hot melted rock), fire, smoke, etc.:The volcanic eruptions covered the town in a layer of ash.
• volunteer(n)/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/a person who offers or agrees to do sth without being forced or paid to do it:Are there any volunteers to do the washing-up?
• volunteer (time / help) (v)/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/to offer sth or to do sth which you do not have to do or for which you will not be paid:He often volunteers for extra work because he really likes his job.
• wash sb / sth away (v)/ˌwɒʃ əˈweɪ/(used about water) to carry sb/sth away:The floods had washed away the path.
• work for charity (v)/ˌwɜːk fɔː(r) ˈtʃærəti/to do work for an organization that collects money to help people who are poor, sick, etc. or to do work that is useful to society:He's working for charity this summer.