7.1 ■ must, mustn't, have to, don't have to
must and mustn't
Must is used with an infinitive without to. The forms of must are the same for all persons, and there is no auxiliary do in questions or negatives.
| Affirmative and negative | |||
I You He / She / It We They | must mustn't (= must not) | wait here. | |
| Questions and short answers | |||
| Must | I you he / she / it we they | wait here? | Yes, I must. No, I mustn't. |
Note that the question form Must I / you / we, etc. … ? is not very common. Use Do I / you / we have to … ? instead.
We use must when the speaker feels that it is very important for someone to do something.
I must stop eating chocolate and biscuits.
We must hurry up.
The children must go to bed now.
You must be home before it gets dark.
We use mustn't when it is very important for someone not to do something.
I mustn't be late for the exam tomorrow.
You mustn't take any dictionaries into the exam.
1You be prepared to work hard when you start a business.
2Drivers park their cars in front of this gate.
3People have a ticket or official document to enter the Olympic stadium.
4I go to the dentist tomorrow. My tooth really hurts.
5You bring a translation of your qualifications to the interview so we can check them.
6Students bring tablet computers into the exam. We will take away all electronic equipment.
7You touch any fruit or vegetables in the market. You will have to pay for them.
8You drive so fast. The speed limit is forty kilometres per hour!
9All passengers show their passports at the airport.
10You play loud music after ten o'clock in the evening.
7.1 ■ must, mustn't, have to, don't have to
have to and don't have to
| Affirmative and negative | |||
I We You They | have to don't have to | study. | |
He She It | has to doesn't have to | ||
| Questions and short answers | |||
| Do | I we you they | have to study? | Yes, I do. No, I don't. |
| Does | he she it | Yes, he does. No, he doesn't. | |
In affirmative sentences, have to is used in a similar way to must.
You have to be home before it gets dark.
We usually use have to rather than must when the situation (not the speaker) makes the action important.
I have to take two buses to school.
(This is the journey to school.)
I have to wear a uniform.
(This is in the school rules.)
People have to drive on the left in the UK.
(That's the law.)
We use don't have to when it isn't necessary for someone to do something.
You don't have to bring any food. Lunch will be provided.
Note that while the meaning of have to and must is almost the same in the affirmative, the meaning of the negative forms is completely different. Compare:
You mustn't pay John – he hasn't done any work yet.
You don't have to pay John – I have already paid him.
We use the question form Do I / you / we / they have to … ? or Does he / she / it have to … ? to ask if it is necessary to do something.
Do we have to do all the work ourselves?
1I / not / go to bed early / at the weekend.
2An entrepreneur / have some money / to begin a business with.
3You / use the correct currency / when you go to a foreign country.
4University students / not / wear / a uniform.
5Someone who drives / a car / not / travel / by bus.
6You / not / do exams every day of your life.
7My brother / get up / at four o'clock / to go to work.
- MOVE
- mustn't
- don't have to
- have to
- must
- has to
- must
- have to
- have
1Do I do my homework now? I want to go out.
2Paul doesn't help in the garden. Why do I have to do it?
3You and Kim stay. You can go home whenever you want.
4People exercise more. We're all getting less healthy.
5Look after Ben. Remember – you go near the railway line.
6Visitors take their litter away with them.
7Karen lives near the school, so she doesn't to take the bus to get there.
8Jack go soon because he has a dental appointment.
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