Grammar reference and practice 10.1

 

10.1 ■ Present perfect: affirmative and negative

Regular verbs

Affirmative and negative
I We You They	've (= have) haven't (= have not)	competed in the Olympics.
He She It	's (= has) hasn't (= has not)

Form

• ■We form the present perfect with have / has and the past participle of the main verb.

  ■The past participle of regular verbs is the same as the past simple form.

  Past simple: We played football in the park yesterday.

  Present perfect: We have played football three times this week.

Use

We use the present perfect:

• ■to talk about experiences and things that have happened at an indefinite time in the past.

  I've worked in a lot of different places in my life.

  He's rowed across the Atlantic Ocean three times.

  They've travelled a lot in Africa and Asia.

  ■to talk about an action or event that started or happened in the past, but has a connection with the present. The action or event might be finished or unfinished.

  I've opened a box of chocolates. Do you want one?

  She's used the last clean cup in the house!

  We've lived in this town all our life. (We were born here and we still live here now.)

  ■to talk about recent events.

  Our head teacher has resigned!

1Choose the correct words. 

• 1She havehas danced in some major competitions around the world.

• 2We don'thaven't phoned our friends in Australia this month.

• 3I've postposted your letter for you.

• 4The college has offeroffered me a place to study physics.

• 5I hasn'thaven't prepared lunch, because I'm not hungry.

• 6He hasn'thaven't returned the book to the library.

2Complete the sentences with the present perfect form of the verbs in the box. 

MOVE
• finish
• not visit
• pack
• answer
• not tidy
• bake
• talk
• walk

• 1I  my bag and I'm ready to go.

• 2My sister  a delicious cake. Would you like a slice?

• 3Henry  from Brighton to Edinburgh – that's 600 kilometres!

• 4The programme , so let's switch off the TV.

• 5We  to lots of people and they all love our idea.

• 6Nick's grandmother is feeling a bit lonely, because he  her this week.

• 7I  all the questions in the test, but I don't know what my score will be.

• 8You  your room. It's really messy.

10.1 ■ Present perfect: affirmative and negative

Irregular verbs

■Many verbs have irregular past participle forms.

been and gone

The verb go has two past participle forms: been and gone.

■We use been when we know that someone has returned from a place.

Dad has been to the supermarket. (He is back home now.)

■We use gone when the person has not returned.

Dad has gone to the supermarket. (He is still at the supermarket.)

Common irregular past participles
become	become	make	made
buy	bought	meet	met
break	broken	put	put
catch	caught	ride	ridden
come	come	run	run
do	done	say	said
eat	eaten	see	seen
find	found	sing	sung
get	got	swim	swum
give	given	teach	taught
go	gone / been	think	thought
have	had	understand	understood
hear	heard	wear	worn
know	known	win	won
leave	left	write	written

3Write sentences in the present perfect. 

• 1She / write / five books for children.

• 2My parents / teach / at different schools / around the world.

• 3They / not give / any money / to charity.

• 4I / not hear / this song before.

• 5Mike / run / two marathons / this year.

• 6You / make / a terrible mistake.

• 7My sister / met / several famous actors.

• 8We / not have / a reply from him.

4Write positive ✔ and negative ✘ sentences in the present perfect. 

You need to use normal letters and capital letters correctly in this task.

• 1We  (eat) chocolate today. ✘

• 2I  (write) a story for my homework. ✔

• 3I  (know) Sara for ten years. ✔

• 4She  (go) to the USA. ✘

• 5We  (break) the phone. ✔

• 6They  (win) any football matches. ✘

• 7He  (ride) a horse. ✔

• 8She  (meet) my brother. ✘

•